Hydrocarbon-burner.



i a subject of the King of Great Britain, re-

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

HORACE H. HASTINGS, OF TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

jnYnnocARBoN-isURNEa.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 26,1916.

Application filed August 23, 1915, Serial No. 46,881.

To all whom'z't may concern:

Be it known that I, HORACE H. HASTINGS,

siding at Toronto, in the county of York, Province of Ontario, and Domlnion of Canada, have lnvented certain new and useful Improvements in HydrocarbonBurners,

of which the following is a specification.

" My invention relates to improvements in hydrocarbon burners.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a burner especially designed for use in cooking stoves or ranges, and in heaters,

but which is so constructed that it may be used for other purposes where a liquid-fuel burner may be employed.

Another object of my invention is the provision of a burner of this class of simple and inexpensive construction which can be easily applied within any common form of cooking stove or range and which is provided with means for regulating the burner to conform to the'draft conditions of the stove or range. 1

Another object of my invention is to so construct-the burner that the fuel supply Jets ;or nozzles will be evenly supplied with fuel and so that. the fuel carried to these jets or nozzles is subjected to hot air-or the products of combustion and therefor gasify more readily. i

A still further object is to provide novel means for regulating the air supplied to the jets of nozzles and so that the an, and liquid or 'gasified liquid, as the case may be, can

i be proportionately fed to the burner for best results.

Further objects are to construct a burner of this type capable of giving perfect combustion .with crude oil, and to so construct the burner that an even flame from each ,more particularly pointed out in the subjoined claims.

Reference being had to the accompanying I drawings, I will now describethe embodiment of my invention illustrated; it being understood that my invention is not limited to the exact details ,tof construction shown therein; but that they may be varied to adapt the invention for various purposes a burner of this class is capable of use.

F lgure 1 1s a perspective view of the complete burner. Fig. 2 is a central longitudimil section through the same. Fig. '3 1s a detached" perspective view of one of the fuel distributers. Fig. 4 is a detached perspective view of one of the regulating gates or valves by means of which the air supply to the fuel nozzles is regulated. Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on line aa, Fig.

2. f Fig. 6 is a plan view of one-half of the base or'bottom member of the burner. Fig. '1 is abottom plan view of the base or bottom member. Fig. 8 is an inverted view of the hood or top member of the burner, the. distributing pipes for hot air or products of combustion being broken away.' Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section through a cooking stove or range having my improved burner applied thereto.

ports for the burner, the same being taken on line bb, Fig. 9.

Referring now to the drawings in detail,

Fig. 10 is an enlarged. cross section of the adjustable legs or suplike numerals of reference indicate like parts in-the several figures; The reference numeral 11 designates cooking stove or range, 12 the fire pot thereof, 13 the grate of the fire pot, and 14 the lids of the stove or range.

l5 designates'the burner having connectionwith a liquid-fuel reservoir 16 by means of a feed or supply pipe 17 leading to the burner, as will appear hereinafter, said feed or supply pipe having a valve 18 to control the flow of the liquid-fuel to the burner.

The burner comprises two main. parts 19,

20,. the part 19 being a baseor bottom member and 20 the hood or top member. The bottom member has a central chamber or bowl 21, from the upper end of which extends an outstanding web or plate 22-, the plate extending a'considerable distance from opposite ends of the bowl or chamber 21 and being provided with air openings'23. The top of this base plate has retainer flanges 24 around three sides of each of said openings.

Extending upwardly from the bottom of said chamber or bowl 21 are a pair of cones 25, one arranged at each side of a plane extending centrally and transversely through the bowl. The bottom and sides of the chamber or bowl are cored out, as at 26, to provide an air chamber, and the bottom wall of this air chamber is'provided'with air openings 27 adapted to be opened to the desired extent, or entirely closed, by a slide valve 28, said valve having corresponding openin s 29 adapted tobe moved into registration with the openings 27, or partially into registration, as may be desired, for feeding the air into the chamber 26. This valve is.also provided with an elongated opening 30 through which the feed or sup ply pipe 17 is passed,'the end of said supply pipe being threaded into the bottom wall of the base or bottom member. The cones 25 are cor ed out, as at 31, and the hollow interior thereof may be said to be continua.- tions of the air chamber .26.

Projecting from the upper end of each cone is a nozzle 32 which extends down through the cone, a central opening or passage 33 being arranged in each nozzle, form ing. a feed passage for the liquid fuel. These passages converge and terminate in an enlargement 35 into which the liquid fuel is fed from the feed or supply pipe 17.

Each cone has a. series of air openings 36 formed in its upper wall and a'series of air openings 73 in its peripheral. wall. These penings are at all times in communication with the hollow'interior' of the cones and consequently with the air chamber '26.

Fitting for rotatable movement on the cones are hollow conical gates or valves 37 each being provided with a handle'38 adapted to extend outwardlymver the base plate at, one side thereof. Said plate has at opposite sides two pairs of indicating marks, and over each pair, one of the handles is arranged for movement. The upper wall of each of these hollow conical gates or valves is provided with a series of air openings 39 corresponding in size and number to the air openings 36 in the top walls of the hollow cones, while the peripheral wall of each gate or valve'has a series of air openings 74 corresponding in size and number to the openings 73 in the peripheral walls of the cones. When rotating said valves by means of the handles 38 the openings in said valves may be brought into registration with said openings 36 and 73, or partly so, or may be moved to positions between said. openings so that the air is entirely shut off at these points.

I hiive shown the initial 0 at 4:0 to in- 6Q dicate that the air openings 36 in the hollow cones are opened by the valves 37 when the handles 38 are moved over said indications. I have shown the initial S at 41 to indicate that the openings 36 of said hollow 5 cones are shut or closed when the handles against the 38 are moved over said initials. It is of course apparent that when the handles are between the indications O and S, the openings 36 and 73 are partly opened. These indications, as stated, are arranged at opposite sides of the baseplate 22 sothat the valves 37 may be positioned overthe cones with the handles thereof extending to most convenient. In order that thesevalves may be seated on the cones they are provided with a central opening d2 through which the projecting ends of the nozzles 32 extend.

-l3.designates a fuel distributer which is in the form of a hollow hub or sleeve 44 from which a plurality of arms 45' radiate, said arms being provided with grooves 46 on their upper sides and being inclined downwardly toward their outer These distribute'rs are positioned over' the projecting ends of the nozzles. with. the lower edge of the hub'or sleeve 44 bearing upper surface of the conical valves 37.

Around the hollow cones 25 Iiarrange absorbent material 47, preferably asbestos wicking, the purpose of which is to provide a substance in the bottom of the bowl or chamber 20 capable of absorbing liquidfuel. The air chamber 26 isprovided centrally between its ends at opposite sides of 1 the bowl or chamber 2.1 with two tubes or lines 48, which have preferably a cylindrical interior. The lower ends of said tubes open into the air chamber and the upper ends thereof are open and provided with flaring seats 49. The side walls ofthe chamber or bowl 21 are provided with. air openings which place the upper end of the air chamber 26 indirect communication.

with the chamber or bowl.

The hood or top member comprises a hollow elongated central portion 50, the

side walls of which taper downwardly, and at opposite ends of said central portion are ends.

either one side or the other, as may be found. I

arranged a pair of air intakes 51 open at their lower ends and having communication with the central portion, as at 52. The air intakes and hollow central portion maybe termed an. air chamber which opens through the air intakes 51 into the fireplace. F or this purpose the intakes 51 ex tend downwardly beneath. the bottom wall 1 ofthe central portion and rest upon the ends of the base plate22, the the lower ends of said intakes being of a size equaling the air openings 23 in said plate and registering therewith, said intakes fitting within the retainer flanges openings in 24. The bottom wall of the central portion,

50 has a pair of openings erably arranged directly above the fuel nozzles. These openings are shouldered, as.

at 54, so that when required, perforated o3 which are prefdisks 55 may be inserted in the openings and seated against said-shoulders from the interior of the top member. The hollow central portion -50 has a pair of flues 56 arranged midlength and at opposite sides thereof, and ppenings 57 are formed in the,

. side walls of said central portion to serve as means of communication between the interior of said central portion and said flue's.

These flues are vertically-disposed with the lower ends 58 projecting beneath the bottom of said central portion, the lower extremities of said flues being tapered, as at 59, and seated into the flaring upper ends ofthe fiues 48. The flues 56 may therefore be considered as continuations of the flues 48 when the top member is positioned on the bottom member.

The central portionof-the hood or top member is situated directly over the bowl or chamber 21of the base or bottom member, and in order that the flame may have free escape from said bottom member the central portion of said hood or top member 25 is made somewhat narrower than said bottom member. By flaring the walls of the central portion of said hood or top member, the flame is directed outwardly against the sides of the fireplace. The side walls of the central portion 50 of said hood or top member are provided with numerous hotair escape perforations 60.

I have also provided an auxiliary hot-air supply. adapted to commingle with the 85 flames of the burner after entering the fireplace. -This auxiliary air supply comprises longitudinally disposed perforated pipes 61 arranged at opposite sides of the hood or top member near its upper end, the opposite ends'of said pipes being capped, as at 62, and the pipes having connection with theinterior of the hood or top member by means of pipes 63 threaded into the side walls of said top member and into T-fittiiigs 46 64 in the perforated pipes 61. These per forated pipes are arranged lengthwise of the burner and extend approximately from one end thereof to the other.

The burner is supported by means of adjustable supports or legs 65 which rest upon the grate 13, these supports or legs being of considerable width so that their upper ends engage the base plate 22 at opposite sides of the air openings 23 formed therein. They are formed of two members 66, 67, lyin in contact and having their contacting aces roughened or corrugated, as at 68, the member 67 having a bolt hole 69 formed therein, while member 66 is provided with-a vertically-disposed slot 70. A bolt 71 is passed through said bolt hole and slot and a thumb nut 2 threaded onto the bolt for clamping the two members firmly together, the slot of each support or leg 66 permitting the latter to be shortened or lengthened so as to support the burner in the desired position with reference to the top of the stove.

When the valve 18 of the feed or supply pipe is opened the liquid-fuel rushes up into the burner and through the nozzles 32. The fuel escaping from the upper ends of the nozzles enters the grooves 46 of the radial arms 15 ot' the distributers and is deliveredv by said distributers'into the bowl 21 and onto the asbestos wicking or other absorbent material 47 in said bowl. The liquid-fuel thus'accumulated in the bowl or chamber vaporized. After formation and ignition of the gas or vapor has been established the proper delivery of fuel to the nozzle may be controlled by the valve 18 in the feed or supply pipe.

The cones 25'become heated and the air in the air chamber 26 passes up into said cones and escapes through the openings 36 and 73 therein and the registering openings 39 and 74 of the conical valves 37, provided said valves are adjusted to bring the open-' ings therein into registration with the openings in'said comes the air chamber 26 also enters the bowl 21 through the openings 75 and feeds the flame.

The air from the f eplace enters the air intakesat the ends of the hood or top memher, and from these intakes it enters the hollow central portion of said hood or top member. This air, in addition to escaping through the openings 53, escapes through the numerous perforations 60. in the side walls of the hood or top member; alsothrough the openings 57-leading to the side flues 56 of the hood or top member. From the latter the air is fed through the .flues 48 into the air chamber 26. The air passing through the hollow hood or top member becomes thoroughly heated and also escapes. through the pipes 63 and enters the perforated pipes 61 at or top member. v l I The flames from the ignited fuel pass upwardly through the spaces 76 between the the sides of the hood The heated air from base or bottom member and the central portion of the hood' or top member and are drawn all directions within the fireplace, thus hea ing the air within the fireplace so that after the burner ,is ignited for a few moments the heated air or products ofcombastion enters the hollow hood ,or top in close proximity to each other, the flames.

member through the openings in the base plate 22 and is directed down 'ardly tliirough the flues 56 and 48 into the air chamber 26 and into the hollow cones 25, being further heated by adiation from said cones. This heated air also escapes through the perforations in the side walls of the hood or top membc' and comes in contact with the flame passing upwardly along said hood. or top member, thus assuring perfect combustion. The flames passing upwardly a distance from the hood or top member are supplied with the heated air or products of combustion through the perforated pipes 61, which are spaced a distance from the side walls of said hood or top member so that currents of hot air or the products of combustion from the fireplace which enter the hood or top member are caused to commingle with the flames and any unconsumed products of combustion ignited.

The heated air surrounding the fuel nozzles and escaping from the openings in the cones acts to vaporize the fuel, resulting in a better combustion and an economical use of the fuel. .The distributer i3 also assures economical use of the fuel,.since it distributes the same over an extended surfaceland assures a hot flame of considerable area. It also causes the flame to spread and when'escaping from the burner it is carried to all-parts of the fireplace above the base member of the burner.

The currents of air moving downward through the openings 53 and onto the nozzles and distributers, act against the fuel and cause it to travel outwardly along the arms 45 of the distributers, thus spreading the flames which are supplied with heated air or products of combustion fed to it through the openings 36, 73 and. 75, said heated air or.

products of combustion being drawn into the burner from the fireplace, which latter is thoroughly heated after the burner is lighted for a short period of time.

By arranging the burners side byside and issuing-therefrom are of equal size or extend -ovcr equal areas, even though the burner is not positioned perfectly level, this being due to the closely positioned nozzles 32 which assure an even feed of the fuel to the nozzles.

\Vhen the stove is provided with poor d aft, the slide valve 28 may be'adjusted to bring the openings therein into registra tion with the air openings '27 in the bottom of the air chamber 26, thus permitting the hot air or products of combustion from the fireplace to enter the air. chamber 26 directly.

By bringing the nozzles or fuel passages to gether at the bottom of the burner, a single feed or supply pipe may be used, thus dis- )PIlSlll with at least one su )l l)& and a 7 &

valve to regulate the same.

When it is found that the draft of the stove is too great and would tend to check the feed of theliquid-fuel, the perforated disks 55, above described, are placed wit-. 11 said- 0} nings. This breaks up the air cur rents and allows the proper flow or passage of fuel over the nozzles and distributers.

iVhen it is found that the mixture is too rich to obtain best results, the hollow conical valves 7 may be rotated to'supply heated air to the nozzles. I

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is,

1. A hyt'lrocarbon burner comprising an upstanding cone, a nozzle projecting from the upper end of said cone, and a distributer applied to the projecting end of said nozzle and comprising a hub and radial arms having grooves inclined outwardly to distribute the fuel.

2. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base having a bowl, an upstanding hollow cone having openings at its upper end, means admitting air to said hollow cone, a nozzle extending through said cone and projecting from the upper end thereof, and means for closing the openings of said cone or for opening the same to the extent desired to admit the air fronlthe cone to the projecting 'end of said nozzle.

3. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a,

' pipe connected to said single passage.

4. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base having a plurality of hollow cones extending upwardly and provided with flat upper ends. having openings therein, a h0llow nozzle extending through each of said cones and projecting from the flat upper ends thereof, means for admitting heated air to said hollow nozzles, and means for opening or closing the openings of said cones to control the escape of heated air therefrom.

5. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base having a-bowl, a hot air chamber beneath said bowl, hollow cones extending up wardly from the bottom ofsaid bowl and communicating with said hot air chamber, said cones each having a circular series of openings, nozzles extending through said cones and projecting from the upper ends thereof, said nozzles converging at their lower ends and having the passages thereof merging into a single passage, a fuel feed pipe connected to said single passage, and hollow conical valves fitting onto-said cones and provided with openings adapted to register with the openings of said cones, said valves being rotatable to close said openings.

6. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base having a bowl, a hot air chamber beneath said bowl, hollow cones extending upwardly from the bottom of said bowl and communicating with said hot air chamber, said cones each having a circular series of openings at their upper ends, nozzles extending through said cones and projecting from the upper ends thereof, said nozzles converging at their lower ends and having the passages thereof merging into a single passage, a fuel feed pipe connected to said single passage, hollow conical valves fitting onto said cones and having openings registering with those of the cones, and a distributer applied to the upper ends of each of said nozzles and resting upon said conical valves, said distributers serving to deliver liquid-fuel into said bowl. 7. A hydrocarbon burner. comprising a base having a bowl, a base plate extending outwardly from the upper end of said bowl, said base plate having two sets of indicating characters, a plurality of hollow cones extending upwardly from the bottom of said bowl and having flattened upper ends provided with air openings, means for delivering heated air into said cones, nozzles extending through said cones and projecting above the upper end of the latter, and hollow conical valves fitting onto said cones and having openings adapted to register with those of the cones, said valves having manipulating handles adapted to be moved over either of said indicating characters or to positions between the same.

8. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base having a bowl, hollow cones extending upwardly from the bottom of said bowl and having flattened upper endsprovided with openings, a hot air chamber in said basebe neath said bowl communicating with the interior of said hollow cones and having air 1 openings in one of its walls, a slide valve wardly along the sides of said top member.

10. A hydrocarbon ,burrier comprising a bottom member having upwardly-directed nozzles, a top member having a hollow central portion and air intakes at its ,ends open- 1 from said bowl, a top member supported by said base and having a hollow central portion provided with an opening in its bottom directly above said nozzle and having end air intakes opening into the fireplace, the sides of said hollow central portion being perforated, and a perforated pipe arranged lengthwise along each side of said top member and connected with the interior of said hollow central portion.

12; A hydrocarbon burner comprisinga base having abowl, a base plate at the upper end of said bowl, an upstanding nozzle -in said bowl, an air chamber in said base beneath said bowl, means for delivering air from said air chamber to and around the up- /per end of said nozzle, a top member fitting onto said base plate and having a hollow central portion directly over said nozzle and end air intakes opening into said hollow central portion, and a connection between said hollow central portion and said air chamber.

13. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a, v

base having a bowl, a nozzle extending up wardly in said bowl, an air chamber beneath said nozzle having upwardly-directed air flues, a top member supported by said base and having a hollow central portion directly over said bowl and hollow end portions in communication with said central portion, and downwardly-directed flues at opposite sides of said hollow central portion in communication with thelatter and in communication with the fines. of said air chamber.

14:. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base having a bowl,.upwar,dly-directed fuel nozzles in said bowl, a hot air chamber. beneath said bowl, means for supplying heated air from said hot air chamber to the upper ends of said nozzles, air fiues extending upwardly from said air chamber and having flared upper ends, a top member fitting onto said base and having a hollow central portion and air intakes at opposite ends of said central portion opening downwardly, and

base having an upstanding fuel nozzle, a top member having va hollow central portion and 15. A hydrocarbon burner coniprising a air intakes at opposite ends of said central portion in communication with the latter, the bottom wall of said hollowcentral portion having an opening therein directly above said nozzle, and a plied to said opening.

16. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a bowl having chambered walls forming a hot air chamber beneath and around said bowl, cones extending upwardly from the bottom of said bowl, nozzles projecting from the upper ends of said cones, a fuel feed pipe connected to said nozzles, and means for directing air from said hot air chamber. into said bowl. v 17. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a bowl having chan'lbercd walls forming a hot air chamber, fuel nozzles within said bowl, and means of connnunication between said hot air chamber and said bowl, said. means of communication opening into said bowl in. a plane beneath the exits of said fuel nozzles. 18. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a base having a bowl, a hot air chamber beneath said bowl, hollow cones extending'upwardly from the bottom of said bowl and communicating with said hot air chamber, each of said cones having openings in its peripheral wall, nozzles extending through said cones and projecting from the upper ends thereof, a fuel pipe connected to said perforated disk apnozzles, and valves fitting onto said cones and provided with openings adapted to register with the openings of said cones, said valves being rotatable to close said openings;

19. AQ hydrocarbon burner comprising a base having abowl, a hot air chamber extending around the sides of said bowl and in communication with the interior ofithe latter by means of air openings, hollow cones extending upwardly from the bottom of said bowl and beingin communication with said hot air chamber, each of said. cones having a circular series of openings in its peripheral wall, nozzles projecting fromthe upper ends of said cones, and rotatable valves fitting onto said cones and having openings corresponding with those of the cones.

20. A hydrocarbon burner comprising a bowl having nozzles extending upwardly therein, means for directing hot air against the upper ends of said nozzles in a direction opposite the flow of fuel in said nozzles, and means for directing hot air into the bowl in a plane beneath the exits of said nozzles.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

HORACE H. HASTINGS. 

